Tecnologia e Afins ....: fevereiro 2015

BGP Label Update: Carrier Support Carrier - RFC 3107

Posted: segunda-feira, 23 de fevereiro de 2015 by Wairisson Gomes in Marcadores: bgp, carrier, cisco, redes

Traduzido de: http://www.mplsvpn.info/2014/01/bgp-label-update-carrier-support.html

BGP etiqueta de actualização permite-lhe criar uma rede Virtual Private Network (VPN) para que os routers autônomos limite do sistema (ASBRs) intercâmbio rotas IPv4 com Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) rótulos da borda provedor (PE) roteadores. Neste cenário, os refletores Rota (RRS) câmbio rotas VPNv4 e ASBR ficar relaxado para armazenar essas rotas.

Isto resulta numa melhor escalabilidade e simplifica a configuração. Ao usar esse recurso, você pode usar a rede MPLS não como rede de trânsito, o que ajuda você a transportar todas as rotas IPv4 com rótulos sobre a rede não MPLS.

Quando você executa o comando neighbor send-label sob configuração BGP, os roteadores anunciam uns aos outros que eles podem enviar  rótulos MPLS junto com as rotas. Se os roteadores negociarem com sucesso a sua capacidade de enviar rótulos MPLS, eles adicionarão rótulos MPLS a todas as atualizações  BGP. Isso elimina a necessidade do uso de qualquer protocolo de distribuição de label entre os LSRs. (o LDP é requerido para labels VPNv4)




No cenário acima, o router reflector pode refletir as rotas IPv4 e labels MPLS aprendidas com do ASBR para os roteadores PE na VPN. Isto é realizado a partir da ativação da troca de rotas IPv4+ labels com o router reflector. O router reflector também reflete as rotas VPNv4 para os roteadores PE na VPN. Os ASBRs trocam rotas IPv4 e etiquetas MPLS com os roteadores PE usando EBGP.

Os labels MPLS são incluídos nas mensagens de update. Routers trocam os seguintes tipos de mensagens BGP:

1. Open Messages
2.Update Messages
3. Keepalive Messages
4. Notification Messages

Out of four, Update Messages contains the Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI), which has IP addresses of the usable routes. The update message also includes path attributes and the lengths of both the usable and unusable paths. Labels for VPNv4 routes are encoded in the update message as specified in RFC 2858. The labels for the IPv4 routes are encoded in the update message as specified in RFC 3107.

Fora das quatro, Update messages contém o Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI), que tem os endereços IP das rotas utilizáveis. A mensagem de Update  também inclui atributos de caminho e os comprimentos de ambos os caminhos utilizáveis e não utilizáveis. Etiquetas para rotas VPNv4 são codificados na mensagem de update, conforme especificado no RFC 2858. Os rótulos para as rotas IPv4 são codificados na mensagem de atualização, conforme especificado no RFC 3107.

JUNOS-to-Cisco IOS/XR Command Reference

Posted: by Wairisson Gomes in

Retirado de:http://itlifeway.blogspot.com.br/2013/05/junos-to-cisco-iosxr-command-reference.html

Here are some very useful command references when moving between JUNOS and Cisco IOS/XR:

System Administration & General Commands

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`user@host%`	Unix Shell - enter cli for Operational Mode.
`user@host>`	Operational mode	`router>`	user exec mode
	Configuration mode	`config t`	To enter configuration mode. (from priveledge mode)
`exit`	To log out	`exit`	To log out
`show version`	To show JUNOS version	`sh version`	To show IOS Version
`show system processes extensive`	View CPU utilization per process	`sh process cpu`	View CPU utilization per process
`show system storage`	View free disk space in the router's file system	`dir`	View free disk space in the router's file system
`show system uptime`	To verify how long router has been up	`sh version`	To verify how long router has been up
`show chassis forwarding`	View how long router components have been up.	`sh version, sh diag`	View how long router components have been up.
`show chassis environment`	View power supply, fan, and operating temperature	`sh environment`	View power supply, fan, and operating temperature
`show chassis hardware`	View router hardware and versions	`sh version, sh diag`	View router hardware and versions
`show chassis routing-engine`	To view memory usage	`sh memory sum`	View memory usage
`request system reboot`	To reboot router.	`reload`	To reboot router
`show ntp associations`	Show NTP associations	`sh ntp associations`	Show NTP associations
`show ntp status`	Show NTP Status	`sh ntp status`	Show NTP Status
`show system alarms`	View all active alarms on a router
`show system users`	View users logged in to a router	`sh users`	View users logged in to a router
`show system connetions`	View protocols running on router	`sh protocols`	View routing protocols running on router
`request system logout username`	Log a user out of a router	`clear line`	Log a user out of a router
`\| no-more`	To extend data to end of page for a single command.	`term length 0`	To extend data to end of page

Configuration

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`configure` -or- `edit`	Enter configuraiton mode	`config t`	Enter global configuration mode
`set`	Set a value in the configuration.		Set a value in the configuration.
`delete`	Remove a value from the configuration.	`no`	Remove a value from the configuration.
`up` -or- `exit`	Move you back up the config hierchy tree one level	`exit`	Move you back up the config hierchy tree one level
`top`	Move you to the top of the config hierchy.
`edit`	Moves you down the hierchy tree. Ex. edit protocols
`disable`	Shutdown an interface 'set interfaces so-0/0/0 disable'	`shutdown`	Administratively shutdown an interface.
`activate`	Allows the router to recognize a deactivated interface.
`deactivate`	Adds an 'inactive' tag to the interface config.
`load override teminal`	Opens a paste buffer in the CLI. Close the paste buffer with the Ctrl+D keystroke.	Copy and paste configuration	Copy a text configuration into the router.
`commit`	Issue before the router can use any new config.
`rollback`	To easily restore an old configuration.
`exit` -or- `exit-configuration-mode`	Exit configuration mode	`Cntrl + Z` -or - `end`	To exit configuration mode
`run`	Use any operational command from configuration mode.	`do`	Enter show commands from configuration mode.

Troubleshooting

General

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`show configuration`	View current configuration.	`sh running-configuration`	View current configuration.
`show configuration \| display set`	View the set commands for the configuration
`show class-of-service interface`	See most of the CoS configuration for an interface	`show policy-map interface`	View service-policy applied to interface.
`show log messages`	To view router event log entries	`sh log`	View router event log entries
`show interfaces`	To show ip interface status and config	`sh ip interfaces`	Show ip interface status and config
`show interfaces terse`	Displays a summary of all interfaces.	`sh ip int brief`	Displays a summary of all interfaces.
`show interfaces queue`	Displays detailed information on interface queues	`show policy-map interface`	View service-policy applied to interface.
`show route`	Show all IP routes the router has learned about.
`show route summary`	Summary of all routing information	`sh ip route summary`	Summary of all routing information
`show route forwarding-table`	View the current IP forwarding table.	`show ip route`	View the current IP forwarding table.
`show route 10.0.0.0/8 detail`	View detailed route information.
`clear interfaces statistics all`	Clear all statistics	`clear counters`	Reset all stats.
`clear interfaces statistics se-0/0/0`	Clear statistics on an	`clear counters Serial0`	Reset data stats under interfaces or pvcs
		`clear ip route *`	Clear routing table
`request support information`	System diagnostic info for Juniper.	`show tech`	System diagnostic info for Cisco.

BGP

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`show bgp summary`	Check the status of BGP peers.	`sh ip bgp summary`	Check the status of BGP peers.
`show bgp neighbor`	View detailed informations about each BGP peer	`sh ip bgp neighbor`	View detailed informations about each BGP peer
`show route advertising-protocol bgp`	View BGP routes advertised to a neighbor	`sh ip bgp neighbor advertised`	View BGP routes advertised to a peer
`show route receive-protocol bgp`	View BGP routes received from a peer	`sh ip bgp neighbor received`	View BGP routes received from a peer
`show route protocol bgp (detail)`	View BGP routes w/BGP attributes.	`sh ip bgp`	View BGP routes w/BGP attributes.
`clear bgp neighbor x.x.x.x`	Reset BGP neighbor session	`clear ip bgp *`	Reset BGP neighbor session

IS-IS

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`show isis interface (detail)`	View IS-IS interface parameters.	`sh clns interface`	View IS-IS interface parameters.
`show isis adjacency`	View IS-IS neighbor status	`sh clns neighbor`	View IS-IS neighbor status
`show isis database`	View IS-IS Database	`sh isis database`	View IS-IS Database
`show route protocol isis`	Command to view all IS-IS routes.	`sh ip route isis`	Command to view all IS-IS routes.

OSPF

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`show ospf neighbor`	View OSPF neighbor status	`sh ip ospf neighbor`	View OSPF neighbor status
`show ospf database`	View OSPF database	`sh ip ospf database`	View OSPF database
`show ospf interface (detail)`	View OSPF interface parameters.	`sh ip ospf interface`	View OSPF interface parameters.
`show route protocol ospf`	Command to view all OSPF routes.	`sh ip route ospf`	Command to view all OSPF routes.

MPLS

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`show mpls interface`
`show mpls lsp`	View all ingress, transit, and egress LSPs	`sh mpls ldp bindings (detail)`	View all ingress, transit, and egress LSPs
`show mpls lsp ingress (extensive)`	View LSP status
`show mpls lsp transit (extensive)`	View LSP status
`show mpls lsp egress (extensive)`	View LSP status
`show rsvp interface`	View interface RSVP information	`sh ip rsvp interface`	View interface RSVP information
`show route table inet.3`	View egress address for all operational LSPs

Multicast

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`show multicast route`	Displays information about active groups and sources	`sh ip mroute`	Displays information about active groups and sources
`show route table inet.1`	Displays information about active groups and sources	`sh ip mroute`	Displays information about active groups and sources
`show pim bootstrap`	Verify the bootstrap router	`sh ip pim bsr-router`	Verify the bootstrap router
`show pim join extensive`	Display info about known groups, sources, & interfaces	`sh ip igmp groups`	Display info about known groups, sources, & interfaces
`show pim rps`	Verify the RP	`sh ip pim rp`	Verify the RP
`show pim neighbors`	Verify PIM neighbor establishment	`sh ip pim neighbor`	Verify PIM neighbor establishment

Firewall Filters

Juniper Command	Description	Cisco Command	Description
`show firewall`	View counters and stats for all filters	`sh access-lists`	View access-list counters
`clear firewall`	Clear filter stats	`clear ip access-list counters`	Clear access-list counters
`show interfaces filters`	View filters configured on all interfaces	`sh ip interfaces`	View access-list applied to interface

IOS XRV + Virtual Box + GNS3

Posted: domingo, 22 de fevereiro de 2015 by Wairisson Gomes in

Comandos Cisco X Juniper

Posted: sexta-feira, 20 de fevereiro de 2015 by Wairisson Gomes in

" Posto aqui uma dica de equivalência entre comandos CISCO e Juniper. Bons estudos!"

Cisco Command	Juniper Command	Definition
show run	sh configuration	Show running configuration
sh ver	sh ver	Show version
show ip interface brief	show interface terse	displays the status of interfaces configured for IP
show interface [intfc]	show interfaces [intfc] detail	displays the interface configuration, status and statistics.
show controller intfc	show interfaces intfc extensive	displays information about a physical port device
show interface \| incl (proto\|Desc)	show interfaces description	displays the interface configuration, status and statistics
show ip route	show route	displays summary information about entries in the routing table
show ip bgp summary	show bgp summary	displays the status of all Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) connections
show ip bgp net mask	show route protocol bgp prefix	will show you how that route is being advertised, look for the first line
show ip bgp net mask longer-prefixes	show route range prefix	will show you how that route is being advertised, look for the first line
show ip bgp regexp AS-regexp	show route aspath-regexp “AS-regexp”	displays routes matching the autonomous system (AS) path regular expression
show ip bgp neighbors neigh received-routes	show route receive-protocol bgp neigh	Shows whether a neighbor supports the route refresh capability

	show route source-gateway neigh protocol bgp
show ip bgp neighbor neigh advertised-routes	show route advertising-protocol bgp neigh	Shows whether a neighbor supports the route refresh capability
show clns neighbors	show isis adjacency	displays both ES and IS neighbors
show clns interface	show isis interface	shows specific information about each interface
show ip route isis	show isis routes	displays the current state of the the routing table
show isis topology	show isis spf	displays a list of all connected routers in all areas
show ip ospf interface	show ospf neighbor	shows neighbor ID, Priority, IP, & State if the neighbor router, dead time.
show ip ospf interface	show ospf interface	shows neighbor id, pri, state, dead time, address and interface
show ip route ospf	show ospf route	display the current state of the routing table
show ip ospf database	show ospf database	display list of information related to the OSPF database for a specific communication server
show version	show version, show system uptime	display the system hardware config., software version, and name and source of configuration files and boot images
show diags	show chasis hardware	displays power-on diagnostics status
show processes cpu	show system process	displays utilization statistics
show tech-support	request support info	displays the current software image, configuration, controllers, counters, stacks, interfaces, memory and buffers
show logging	show log messages	display the state of logging to the syslog
show route-map name	show policy name	displayall route-maps configured or only the one specified
show ip prefix-list name	show policy name	display information about a prefix list or prefix list entries
show ip community-list list	configure,	display routes that are permitted by BGP community list
show ip community-list list	show policy-options community name	display routes that are permitted by BGP community list
show environment all	show chassis environment	displays temperature and voltage information on the console
ping dest	ping dest rapid (for cisco like output)	to check to see if a destination is alive
ping dest	ping dest (for unix like output)	to check to see if a destination is alive
ping (setting source int)	ping dest bypass-routing	to check to see if a destination is alive
terminal monitor	monitor start messages	Change console terminal settings
terminal no monitor	monitor stop	Change console terminal settings
terminal length 0	set cli screen-length 0	sets the length for displaying command output

Referencias: http://www.purainfo.com.br/hardwareredes/equivalenciaciscojuniper/

BGP VPNv4 Route Reflector

Posted: quinta-feira, 19 de fevereiro de 2015 by Wairisson Gomes in

Por padrão, a configuração BGP que é feita no processo bgp será aplicável para a Address Family Identifier - AFI IPv4 unicast . Na topologia abaixo, R2 e R4 atuam como PE routers com uma VPN chamada COKE configurada. R3 atua como um Route reflector para R2 e R4.

As configurações :

R2 Configuration:

-----------------------

router bgp 100

no synchronization

bgp router-id 100.1.2.2

bgp log-neighbor-changes

neighbor 100.1.3.3 remote-as 100

neighbor 100.1.3.3 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 150.1.12.1 remote-as 200

no auto-summary

address-family vpnv4

neighbor 100.1.3.3 activate

neighbor 100.1.3.3 send-community extended

exit-address-family

address-family ipv4 vrf COKE

redistribute ospf 1 vrf COKE match internal external 1 external 2

no synchronization

exit-address-family

R4 Configuration:

---------------------

router bgp 100

no synchronization

bgp router-id 100.1.4.4

bgp log-neighbor-changes

neighbor 100.1.3.3 remote-as 100

neighbor 100.1.3.3 update-source Loopback0

no auto-summary

address-family vpnv4

neighbor 100.1.3.3 activate

neighbor 100.1.3.3 send-community both

exit-address-family

address-family ipv4 vrf COKE

redistribute ospf 1 vrf COKE match internal external 1 external 2

no synchronization

exit-address-family

R3 Configuration:

---------------------

router bgp 100

no synchronization

bgp router-id 100.1.3.3

bgp log-neighbor-changes

neighbor 100.1.2.2 remote-as 100

neighbor 100.1.2.2 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 100.1.2.2 route-reflector-client

neighbor 100.1.4.4 remote-as 100

neighbor 100.1.4.4 update-source Loopback0

neighbor 100.1.4.4 route-reflector-client

no auto-summary

address-family vpnv4

neighbor 100.1.2.2 activate

neighbor 100.1.2.2 send-community both

neighbor 100.1.4.4 activate

neighbor 100.1.4.4 send-community both

exit-address-family

A configuração acima mostra que R3 está configurado como router reflector com R2 e R4 como clientes. Pode ser notado que, o router reflector não é configurado no modo VPNv4 AFI. Então R3 refletirá apenas rotas IPv4 BGP a partir de R4 e R2 e não rotas VPNv4.

R4#

R4#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

R4(config)#router bgp 100

R4(config-router)#network 100.1.4.4 mask 255.255.255.255

R4(config-router)#end

R4# sh ip bgp

BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 100.1.4.4

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

r RIB-failure, S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 100.1.4.4/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i

R4#

R2#sh ip bgp

BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 100.1.2.2

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

r RIB-failure, S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

r>i100.1.4.4/32 100.1.4.4 0 100 0 i

R2#

As rotas VPNv4 não estarão presentes na tabela BGP de R2.

R4#show ip bgp vpnv4 all 10.1.58.0

BGP routing table entry for 100:1:10.1.58.0/24, version 11

Paths: (1 available, best #1, table COKE)

Advertised to update-groups:

Local

10.1.46.6 (via COKE) from 0.0.0.0 (100.1.4.4)

Origin incomplete, metric 97, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, sourced, best

Extended Community: RT:100:1 OSPF DOMAIN ID:0x0005:0x000000010200

OSPF RT:0.0.0.0:2:0 OSPF ROUTER ID:10.1.46.4:512

mpls labels in/out 22/nolabel

R4#

R2#show ip bgp vpnv4 all 10.1.58.0

% Network not in table

R2#

Agora configurando a reflexão de rotas dentro do modo VPNv4 fará com o que o router reflector reflita ou propague os prefixos recebidos via VPNv4 para seus demais clientes para os quais esta address family esteja ativa.

R3#

R3#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

R3(config)#router bgp 100

R3(config-router)#address-family vpnv4

R3(config-router-af)#neighbor 100.1.2.2 route-reflector-client

R3(config-router-af)#neighbor 100.1.4.4 route-reflector-client

R3(config-router-af)#end

R3#

R4#show ip bgp vpnv4 all 10.1.58.0

BGP routing table entry for 100:1:10.1.58.0/24, version 11

Paths: (1 available, best #1, table COKE)

Advertised to update-groups:

Local

10.1.46.6 (via COKE) from 0.0.0.0 (100.1.4.4)

Origin incomplete, metric 97, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, sourced, best

Extended Community: RT:100:1 OSPF DOMAIN ID:0x0005:0x000000010200

OSPF RT:0.0.0.0:2:0 OSPF ROUTER ID:10.1.46.4:512

mpls labels in/out 22/nolabel

R4#

R2#show ip bgp vpnv4 all 10.1.58.0

BGP routing table entry for 100:1:10.1.58.0/24, version 30

Paths: (1 available, best #1, table COKE)

Flag: 0x820

Not advertised to any peer

Local

100.1.4.4 (metric 30) from 100.1.3.3 (100.1.3.3)

Origin incomplete, metric 97, localpref 100, valid, internal, best

Extended Community: RT:100:1 OSPF DOMAIN ID:0x0005:0x000000010200

OSPF RT:0.0.0.0:2:0 OSPF ROUTER ID:10.1.46.4:512

Originator: 100.1.4.4, Cluster list: 100.1.3.3

mpls labels in/out nolabel/22

R2#

Traduzido do link: http://nagendrakumar-nagendra.blogspot.com.br/2009/05/bgp-vpnv4-route-reflector.html

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BGP Label Update: Carrier Support Carrier - RFC 3107

JUNOS-to-Cisco IOS/XR Command Reference

System Administration & General Commands

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Troubleshooting

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IOS XRV + Virtual Box + GNS3

Comandos Cisco X Juniper

Referencias: http://www.purainfo.com.br/hardwareredes/equivalenciaciscojuniper/

BGP VPNv4 Route Reflector

Por padrão, a configuração BGP que é feita no processo bgp será aplicável para a Address Family Identifier - AFI IPv4 unicast . Na topologia abaixo, R2 e R4 atuam como PE routers com uma VPN chamada COKE configurada. R3 atua como um Route reflector para R2 e R4.